Page 6 - Intangible value

Concepts related to intangibility
INTANGIBLE VALUE CREATION IN BUSINESS OPERATION
In addition to when capital formed by intangible investments is utilised, intangible value is also created when a company utilises factors that create value added without any speci c capital investment.
VALUE CREATION WITHOUT INVESTMENTS BY COMPANIES
Value added can be created by different factors, such as existing knowl- edge, new ways to combine things, changes in the markets, opportu- nities created by digital platforms (commercial applications in con- nection with user flow in platforms), art, culture, cultural heritage or crowdsourcing processes, which are available without the company's investments.
These opportunities may be based on an investment or capital from another party, for example cultural or knowledge capital, a network or a distribution platform created by society, groups of citizens, a platform provider, artists, etc. These factors mix and often act together with the company's intangible investments.
SERVICES AND PRODUCTS CREATED THROUGH CROWDSOURCING
IDEAS, OPPORTUNITIES
MANAGEMENT, ORGANISATION AND NETWORKS
ARTISTIC AND
INTANGIBLE INVESTMENTS BY COMPANIES
Companies invest in competitive advantage factors in products or ser- vices such as research, product development, design, increase of exper- tise, work efficiency, operating processes or management.
In this publication, investments by companies are discussed in three groups: * intangible investments in service development
* intangible investments in the company's own operation
* intangible investments in a physical product
CREATIVE WORK
TRAINING, EXPERTISE
RESEARCH AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
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